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Itamar () is an Israeli settlement located in the West Bank's Samarian mountains, five kilometers southeast of Nablus. The predominantly Orthodox Jewish community with a population of 1,024 (2012) falls in part〔Chaim Levinson, ( 'Israeli 'hilltop youth' accuse their former hero of stealing settlers' land,’ ) at Haaretz, 31 January 2013.〕 within the municipal jurisdiction of the Shomron Regional Council. Under the terms of the Oslo Accords of 1993 between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization, Itamar was designated Area "C" under full Israeli civil and security control. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank illegal under international law, but the Israeli government disputes this. The settlement has several outposts and covers a total area of approximately 7,000 dunams of land.〔 Itamar's residents have been the target of several lethal attacks by Palestinian militants, most notably the 2011 massacre of the Fogel family by residents of the nearby village of Awarta. HRW reports an extensive number of violent acts by settlers from Itamar and its outposts against local Palestinians. ==History== The settlement was established in 1984 by several families from the Machon Meir Yeshiva in Jerusalem with the assistance of Gush Emunim's settlement organization Amana.〔(Amana:"Itamar" )〕 Originally named ''Tel Chaim'', commemorating Chaim Landau, it was later named for Ithamar, the youngest son of Biblical figure Aaron (Exodus 28:1). Tradition places the burial place of Ithamar in the nearby Palestinian village Awarta.〔(“Itamar” ). Shomron Liaison Office〕 The major of the city argues that the deed title for taking over the land is based on biblical writ.〔Isabel Kershner, (‘Neighbors’ Blood Binds Settlers to West Bank,’ ) at New York Times, March 15, 2011:'“We have a legitimate right to the Land of Israel,” said Moshe Goldsmith, 47, the mayor of Itamar. “The Bible is our deed".'〕 According to Palestinians at Yanun,〔Haaretz staff, ( 'Settlers attack Palestinian olive-pickers in West Bank,' ) at Haaretz October 19, 2002〕 before the al-Aqsa Intifada, relations between local villagers and Itamar, the nearest legal settlement, had been on a good footing. After the killing of 13 Israeli Arabs in Jerusalem, matters rapidly deteriorated, and over 3 years, Palestinian militants killed some 11 Itamar settlers. In Itamar, blame for these killings was laid at the door of local Palestinian villagers, who according to, Alon Zimmerman, an immigrant from California, were believed to provide militants with local support.〔Vikram Sura,('No olive branch for Yanun?,' ) at The Hindu, 12 October 2003.〕 The whole village of Yanun, though never linked to any violence or attack,〔 itself was so harassed by local Itamar hilltop settlers that its entire population was put to flight, and sought refuge in Awarta, and became, according to Joel Greenberg 'the first case in memory in which harassment by Jewish settlers has emptied an entire Palestinian community'.〔Joel Greenberg (‘Israeli Settlers' Zeal Forces Palestinians To Flee Their Town,’ ) New York Times, October 21, 2002.〕 At the time of the uprising Itamar had a reputation among Israelis one of the hard core settlements. One visitor at the time remarked that many of its recent residents were immigrants from the former Soviet empire, and from Argentina, who spoke poor Hebrew and dwelt in trailers and appeared to have little awareness of where they were or why anyone should object to their presence there.〔Matt Rees, (''Cain's Field: Faith, Fratricide, and Fear in the Middle East,'' ) Simon and Schuster 2004, p.247.〕 The Itamar settlement is the object of land disputes. The borders of the settlement stretch out south-east to take in an area 14 times the actual area of construction, in a way that completely blocks any possibility for the development of the Palestinian village, with a population of 9,000, of Beit Furiq.〔Yehezkel Lein, Eyal Weizman, (''Terra Rubata: La politica israeliana di insediamento in Cisgiordania,'' ) B'Tselem (n.d.) pp.96-7:'I confini municipali dell’insediamento di Itamar si estendono su una diagonale in direzione sud-est per un’area di circa 7000 dunam, quattordici volte l’attuale area di costruzione, che include anche un certo numero di nuovi avamposti. Questa enorme area blocca completamente lo sviluppo della città di Beit Furiq (9,000) a sud. Inoltre, nel corso degli anni, i coloni di questi insediamenti hanno esercitato violenza contro i palestinesi del luogo mentre le autorità israeliane non si impegnano a far rispettare la legge'.〕 A Peace Now analysis in 2006 provided the following breakdown of the situation at Itamar. The settlement area extended over 4.780 square kilometres (1,195 acres) of which 2.094 s.k (523.5 acres) or 43.80% was private land. The land owned by Jews amounted to 0.002 square kilometres (60 acres) or 0.05%.〔Dror Etkes & Hagit Ofran, (One Violation Leads to Another:Israeli Settlement Building on Private Palestinian Property ) (A Report of Peace Now’s Settlement Watch Team) at BBC News, 2006 p.28〕 A follow up report specified that in the data provided by the Israeli Civil Administration "there is no mention of whether the private land is owned by Palestinians or by Jews privately owned... Nevertheless, it is highly probable that most of the land that is marked here as private land (if not all of it) is privately owned Palestinian land". The settlement of Itamar, not including the outposts, grew from a population of less than 300 in 1995 to 785 in 2008, and reached a population of over 1,000 in 2009,〔 predominantly Orthodox - most of them newly religious - Jewish settlers. Locals state that low property prices account for part of the attraction, with a three-bedroom Itamar house priced around £75,000, compared to roughly £375,000 in Jerusalem.〔Nick Meo, ( 'The wave of radical Israeli settlers digging in for the long haul in the West Bank,' ) at The Daily Telegraph, 22 December 2012.〕 According to resident Leah Zak, following the Fogel family massacre, much of the community became invested in growing and developing Itamar; this included naming several social projects after members of the Fogel family.〔 In the year following the attack, it was reported that 21 families had moved to Itamar. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Itamar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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